| Problem |
Possible Cause |
Remedy/Repair |
| External oil leaks |
- Cylinder head cover RTV sealant broken or improperly seated
- Oil filler cap leaking or missing
- Oil filter gasket broken or improperly seated
- Oil pan side gasket broken, improperly seated or opening in
RTV sealant
- Oil pan front oil seal broken or improperly seated
- Oil pan rear oil seal broken or improperly seated
- Timing case cover oil seal broken or improperly seated
- Excess oil pressure because of restricted PCV valve
- Oil pan drain plug loose or has stripped threads
- Rear oil gallery plug loose
- Rear camshaft plug loose or improperly seated
|
- Replace sealant; inspect cylinder head cover sealant flange
and cylinder head sealant surface for distortion and cracks
- Replace cap
- Replace oil filter
- Replace gasket or repair opening in sealant; inspect oil pan
gasket flange for distortion
- Replace seal; inspect timing case cover and oil pan seal flange
for distortion
- Replace seal; inspect oil pan rear oil seal flange; inspect
rear main bearing cap for cracks, plugged oil return channels,
or distortion in seal groove
- Replace seal
- Replace PCV valve
- Repair as necessary and tighten
- Use appropriate sealant on gallery plug and tighten
- Seat camshaft plug or replace and seal, as necessary
|
| Excessive oil consumption |
- Oil level too high
- Oil with wrong viscosity being used
- PCV valve stuck closed
- Valve stem oil deflectors (or seals) are damaged, missing, or
incorrect type
- Valve stems or valve guides worn
- Poorly fitted or missing valve cover baffles
- Piston rings broken or missing
- Scuffed piston
- Incorrect piston ring gap
- Piston rings sticking or excessively loose in grooves
- Compression rings installed upside down
- Cylinder walls worn, scored, or glazed
- Piston ring gaps not properly staggered
- Excessive main or connecting rod bearing clearance
|
- Drain oil to specified level
- Replace with specified oil
- Replace PCV valve
- Replace valve stem oil deflectors
- Measure stem-to-guide clearance and repair as necessary
- Replace valve cover
- Replace broken or missing rings
- Replace piston
- Measure ring gap, repair as necessary
- Measure ring side clearance, repair as necessary
- Repair as necessary
- Repair as necessary
- Repair as necessary
- Measure bearing clearance, repair as necessary
|
| No oil pressure |
- Low oil level
- Oil pressure gauge, warning lamp or sending unit inaccurate
- Oil pump malfunction
- Oil pressure relief valve sticking
- Oil passages on pressure side of pump obstructed
- Oil pickup screen or tube obstructed
- Loose oil inlet tube
|
- Add oil to correct level
- Replace oil pressure gauge or warning lamp
- Replace oil pump
- Remove and inspect oil pressure relief valve assembly
- Inspect oil passages for obstruction
- Inspect oil pickup for obstruction
- Tighten or seal inlet tube
|
| Low oil pressure |
- Low oil level
- Inaccurate gauge, warning lamp or sending unit
- Oil excessively thin because of dilution, poor quality, or improper
grade
- Excessive oil temperature
- Oil pressure relief spring weak or sticking
- Oil inlet tube and screen assembly has restriction or air leak
- Excessive oil pump clearance
- Excessive main, rod, or camshaft bearing clearance
|
- Add oil to correct level
- Replace oil pressure gauge or warning lamp
- Drain and refill crankcase with recommended oil
- Correct cause of overheating engine
- Remove and inspect oil pressure relief valve assembly
- Remove and inspect oil inlet tube and screen assembly. (Fill
inlet tube with lacquer thinner to locate leaks.)
- Measure clearances
- Measure bearing clearances, repair as necessary
|
High oil pressure |
- Improper oil viscosity
- Oil pressure gauge or sending unit inaccurate
- Oil pressure relief valve sticking closed
|
- Drain and refill crankcase with correct viscosity oil
- Replace oil pressure gauge
- Remove and inspect oil pressure relief valve assembly
|
| Main bearing noise |
- Insufficient oil supply
- Main bearing clearance excessive
- Bearing insert missing
- Crankshaft end-play excessive
- Improperly tightened main bearing cap bolts
- Loose flywheel or drive plate
- Loose or damaged vibration damper
|
- Inspect for low oil level and low oil pressure
- Measure main bearing clearance, repair as necessary
- Replace missing insert
- Measure end-play, repair as necessary
- Tighten bolts with specified torque
- Tighten flywheel or drive plate attaching bolts
- Repair as necessary
|
| Connecting rod bearing noise |
- Insufficient oil supply
- Carbon build-up on piston
- Bearing clearance excessive or bearing missing
- Crankshaft connecting rod journal out-of-round
- Misaligned connecting rod or cap
- Connecting rod bolts tightened improperly
|
- Inspect for low oil level and low oil pressure
- Remove carbon from piston crown
- Measure clearance, repair as necessary
- Measure journal dimensions, repair or replace as necessary
- Repair as necessary
- Tighten bolts with specified torque
|
| Piston noise |
- Piston-to-cylinder wall clearance excessive (scuffed piston)
- Cylinder walls excessively tapered or out-of-round
- Piston ring broken
- Loose or seized piston pin
- Connecting rods misaligned
- Piston ring side clearance excessively loose or tight
- Carbon build-up on piston is excessive
|
- Measure clearance and examine piston
- Measure cylinder wall dimensions re-bore cylinder
- Replace all rings on piston
- Measure piston-to-pin clearance, repair as necessary
- Measure rod alignment, straighten or replace
- Measure ring side clearance, repair as necessary
- Remove carbon from piston
|
| Valve actuating component noise |
- Insufficient oil supply
- Rocker arms or pivots worn
- Foreign objects or chips in hydraulic tappets
- Excessive tappet leak-down
- Tappet face worn
- Broken or cocked valve springs
- Stem-to-guide clearance excessive
- Valve bent
- Loose rocker arms
- Valve seat run-out excessive
- Missing valve lock
- Excessive engine oil
|
- Check for:
(a) Low oil level
(b) Low oil pressure
(c) Wrong hydraulic tappets
(d) Restricted oil gallery
(e) Excessive tappet to bore clearance
- Replace worn rocker arms or pivots
- Clean tappets
- Replace valve tappet
- Replace tappet; inspect corresponding cam lobe for wear
- Properly seat cocked springs; replace broken springs
- Measure stem-to-guide clearance, repair as required
- Replace valve
- Check and repair as necessary
- Regrind valve seat/valves
- Install valve lock
- Correct oil level
|
| Problem |
Possible Cause |
Remedy/Repair |
| Hard starting (Engine cranks normally) |
- Faulty engine control system component
- Faulty fuel pump
- Faulty fuel system component
- Faulty ignition coil
- Improper spark plug gap
- Incorrect ignition timing
- Incorrect valve timing
|
- Repair or replace as necessary
- Replace fuel pump
- Repair or replace as necessary
- Test and replace as necessary
- Adjust gap
- Adjust timing
- Check valve timing; repair as necessary
|
| Rough idle or stalling |
- Incorrect curb or fast idle spec
- Incorrect ignition timing
- Faulty EGR valve operation
- Faulty PCV valve air flow
- Faulty TAC vacuum motor or valve
- Air leak into manifold vacuum
- Faulty distributor rotor or cap
- Improperly seated valves
- Incorrect ignition wiring
- Faulty ignition coil
- Restricted air vent or idle passages
- Restricted air cleaner
|
- Adjust curb or fast idle speed (if possible)
- Adjust timing to specification
- Test EGR system and replace as necessary
- Test PCV valve and replace as necessary
- Repair as necessary
- Inspect manifold vacuum connections and repair as necessary
- Replace rotor or cap (Distributor systems only)
- Test cylinder compression, repair as necessary
- Inspect wiring and correct as necessary
- Test coil and replace as necessary
- Clean passages
- Clean or replace air cleaner filter element
|
| Faulty low speed operation |
- Restricted idle air vents and passages
- Restricted air cleaner
- Faulty spark plugs
- Dirty, corroded, or loose igniter secondary circuit wire connections
- Faulty ignition coil high voltage wire
- Faulty distributor cap
|
- Clean air vents and passages
- Clean or replace air cleaner filter element
- Clean or replace spark plugs
- Clean or tighten secondary circuit wire connections
- Replace ignition coil high voltage wire (Distributor systems
only)
- Replace cap (Distributor systems only)
|
| Faulty acceleration |
- Incorrect ignition timing
- Faulty fuel system component
- Faulty spark plug(s)
- Improperly seated valves
- Faulty ignition coil
|
- Adjust timing
- Repair or replace as necessary
- Clean or replace spark plug(s)
- Test cylinder compression, repair as necessary
- Test coil and replace as necessary
|
Faulty high speed operation |
- Incorrect ignition timing
- Faulty advance mechanism
- Low fuel pump volume
- Wrong spark plug air gap or wrong plug
- Partially restricted exhaust manifold, exhaust pipe, catalytic
converter, muffler, or tailpipe
- Restricted vacuum passages
- Restricted air cleaner
- Faulty distributor rotor or cap
- Faulty ignition coil
- Improperly seated valve(s)
- Faulty valve spring(s)
- Incorrect valve timing
- Intake manifold restricted
- Worn distributor shaft
|
- Adjust timing (if possible)
- Check advance mechanism and repair as necessary (Distributor
systems only)
- Replace fuel pump
- Adjust air gap or install correct plug
- Eliminate restriction
- Clean passages
- Cleaner or replace filter element as necessary
- Replace rotor or cap (Distributor systems only)
- Test coil and replace as necessary
- Test cylinder compression, repair as necessary
- Inspect and test valve spring tension, replace as necessary
- Check valve timing and repair as necessary
- Remove restriction or replace manifold
- Replace shaft (Distributor systems only)
|
| Misfire at all speeds |
- Faulty spark plug(s)
- Faulty spark plug wire(s)
- Faulty distributor cap or rotor
- Faulty ignition coil
- Primary ignition circuit shorted or open intermittently
- Improperly seated valve(s)
- Faulty hydraulic tappet(s)
- Faulty valve spring(s)
- Worn camshaft lobes
- Air leak into manifold
- Fuel pump volume or pressure low
- Blown cylinder head gasket
- Intake or exhaust manifold passage(s) restricted
|
- Clean or replace spark plug(s)
- Replace as necessary
- Replace cap or rotor (Distributor systems only)
- Test coil and replace as necessary
- Troubleshoot primary circuit and repair as necessary
- Test cylinder compression, repair as necessary
- Clean or replace tappet(s)
- Inspect and test valve spring tension, repair as necessary
- Replace camshaft
- Check manifold vacuum and repair as necessary
- Replace fuel pump
- Replace gasket
- Pass chain through passage(s) and repair as necessary
|
| Power not up to normal |
- Incorrect ignition timing
- Faulty distributor rotor
- Incorrect spark plug gap
- Faulty fuel pump
- Incorrect valve timing
- Faulty ignition coil
- Faulty ignition wires
- Improperly seated valves
- Blown cylinder head gasket
- Leaking piston rings
|
- Adjust timing
- Replace rotor (Distributor systems only)
- Adjust gap
- Replace fuel pump
- Check valve timing and repair as necessary
- Test coil and replace as necessary
- Test wires and replace as necessary
- Test cylinder compression and repair as necessary
- Replace gasket
- Test compression and repair as necessary
|
| Intake backfire |
- Improper ignition timing
- Defective EGR component
- Defective TAC vacuum motor or valve
|
- Adjust timing
- Repair as necessary
- Repair as necessary
|
| Exhaust backfire |
- Air leak into manifold vacuum
- Faulty air injection diverter valve
- Exhaust leak
|
- Check manifold vacuum and repair as necessary
- Test diverter valve and replace as necessary
- Locate and eliminate leak
|
| Ping or spark knock |
- Incorrect ignition timing
- Distributor advance malfunction
- Excessive combustion chamber deposits
- Air leak into manifold vacuum
- Excessively high compression
- Fuel octane rating excessively low
- Sharp edges in combustion chamber
- EGR valve not functioning properly
|
- Adjust timing
- Inspect advance mechanism and repair as necessary (Distributor
systems only)
- Remove with combustion chamber cleaner
- Check manifold vacuum and repair as necessary
- Test compression and repair as necessary
- Try alternate fuel source
- Grind smooth
- Test EGR system and replace as necessary
|
| Surging (at cruising to top speeds) |
- Low fuel pump pressure or volume
- Improper PCV valve air flow
- Air leak into manifold vacuum
- Incorrect spark advance
- Restricted fuel filter
- Restricted air cleaner
- EGR valve not functioning properly
|
- Replace fuel pump
- Test PCV valve and replace as necessary
- Check manifold vacuum and repair as necessary
- Test and replace as necessary
- Replace fuel filter
- Clean or replace air cleaner filter element
- Test EGR system and replace as necessary
|